GardenAnnual Grain · 5 varieties
Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa
Amaranthaceae — the same plant family as spinach, beet, swiss chard, amaranth and 2 more here. Relatives share pests and diseases, which is why rotation plans group by family.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an annual grain. It wants full sun and pH 6–7.5 soil, with about 0.6–1.7 in of water weekly. It matures in about 90–150 days from sowing. Watch for aphids and downy mildew. Below: its full sourced profile from 4 extension sources, plus a planting calendar timed to your frost dates.
Typical dates for zone 6b — set your zone or ZIP for yours. This calendar assumes the crop is started indoors. Timing is a guide from the crop's sourced growth stages; confirm with your local frost dates and extension before you sow.
What we will not put a number on
We do not give a feeding rate for this crop, and that is deliberate rather than a gap. The figures published by extension services are pounds of nitrogen per acre for a production field — they do not convert safely to a raised bed or a pot without knowing your soil test and your fertilizer's analysis, and guessing errs toward burning roots. It is also why every chart you find online disagrees with the next one.
We give watering as a depth per week rather than gallons per plant, because that is how it is actually measured and how the published figures are written. A gallons-per-plant number depends on your spacing, your soil and whether the plant is in a pot — so it would look more precise than it is.
Site & soil
- Sun
- Full sun
- Soil pH
- 6–7.5
- Soil texture
- Sandy loam, Well drained
- Frost tolerance
- Half hardy
- Suffers in days above
- 95 °F
No published figure for the temperature frost starts to hurt it and a warm-night limit. We looked — where a number is missing here it is missing from the research, not skipped. The crop’s frost and heat tolerance above still applies.
The plant
- Mature height
- 1.5–6.7 ft
- Mature spread
- 12–18 in
- Growth rate
- Moderateest
- Spacing in row
- 3–12 in
- Between rows
- 8–30 in
- Planting depth
- 0.25–1 in
- Container size
- 3–5 gal — low end is the minimum, high end is better
- Support
- Self-supportingest
- Grown from
- Direct sow, Transplant
Water & feeding
- Water needs
- Moderate
- Water per week
- 0.6–1.7 in/wk
- Critical water
- Flowering, Pod fillest
- Feeding
- Moderate
Timing & fruiting
- Days to maturity
- 90–150 days from seed
- Harvest cues
- Lower leaf yellowing, Skin set
- Killed in the ground at
- 28 °F
Planted again for autumn
- Sow by
- late Jul typical · zone 6b
90 days to maturity from sowing, counted back from the first frost above. Not published for anywhere in particular: it is your own frost date and this crop's own figure, which is why it works wherever you are. A days-to-maturity figure is a catalog number for a good season rather than a promise, and a cold month moves it.
Edible parts per source: seed.
Compiled from the extensions cited below. Which ones actually show up depends on your region — your extension's local list is the last word.
| Variety | Type | Habit | Days | Color | What it is known for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brightest Brilliant Rainbow | Mixed | 90–120 | Bicolor | Utah State University Extension records this asgets by on less water | |
| Cherry Vanilla | White | 90–150 | White | Utah State University Extension records this asgets by on less water | |
| Colorado Rainbow | Mixed | 100 | Bicolor | Utah State University Extension records this asgets by on less water | |
| Multihued | White | 90–150 | White | Great Lakes Staple Seeds describes this astakes the cold | |
| Oro de Valle | White | Compact | 100 | Orange | Utah State University Extension records this asgets by on less water |
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Corn Agronomy (Alternative Field Crops Manual, UW-Extension and Univ. of Minnesota)
- Utah State University Extension
- Washington State University Extension
We compile bare facts from these university-extension and horticultural sources, never copied prose. 18 of the 21 values on this page carry a citation. The rest are marked est; hover one and it says why — either nobody publishes a figure we could point at, or a person set it and attached no source. Figures vary with climate and seed source; confirm with your local extension before you buy.
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